We all enjoy the benefits of sunshine in the summer, with numerous positive effects on our physical and mental health and well-being. It is no secret, though, that exposure to the sun carries a number of risks, from the effects of the heat, to developing skin cancer and other skin disorders, to harming your eyesight. Between 50 and 70 percent of skin cancer cases result from excessive exposure to sunlight and associated ultra-violet radiation, which is neither seen nor felt.
Skin cancer is the 17th most common cancer worldwide, and Switzerland ranks among the top ten countries in terms of incidence rates (WCRF, 2020). According to the WHO Global Cancer Observatory (2022), the incidence rate of skin melanoma in Switzerland stands at 13.9 per 100 000, while the country’s incidence rate of non-melanoma skin cancer is particularly high, with 37.5 per 100 000, compared with its European neighbours, which average some 10–20 per 100 000.
The risks posed by natural and artificial ultra-violet light are not necessarily known, and nor are effective prevention measures. Simple tips include limiting time in the midday sun, seeking shade, wearing appropriate clothing, a sunhat and sunglasses, and applying high-factor sun cream. These all provide a good shield against harmful rays to avoid sunburn (one’s skin turning a little pink is already a sign of damage).
Regularly checking your moles is another important action. A simple way to do so is to follow the ABCDE rule for melanoma detection, which stands for asymmetry, border, colour, diameter and elevation (or evolution). If in doubt about the appearance of a mole, consult your doctor.
The effects of the heat are also to be considered – the poster below summarises the best ways to minimise its impact on health.
More information about sunshine risks and prevention, as well as the ABCDE rule, can be found here.